2021年游戏驿站(GameStop)的轧空事件给SEC带来了几个关键教训。SEC主席Gensler在周一的演讲中强调了其中一点,即需要实现股票市场的现代化,其中部分措施包括缩短结算时间。
大约四年前,在“meme股票”狂热期间,由散户投资者主导的对华尔街做空者的巨额下注行动导致游戏驿站的股价飙升。由于几家经纪公司施加的限制,这些被迫持有或卖出价格飙升的股票的投资者们,其涨势后来虽被载入了股市史册,并在书籍和电影中被反复讲述,但当时却受到了阻碍。
Gensler一直是数字资产行业的坚定批评者,他将这些限制部分归因于市场效率低下。最终,向更短的结算时间的转变——专家表示区块链从中受益——改善了那些曾让一些游戏驿站投资者受阻的机制。
“许多日常投资者在关键时刻失去了进入市场的机会,”Gensler表示,“交易结算的时间越长——管道越慢——我们的市场承担的风险就越大。”

SEC Files Last-Minute Appeal in Ripple Case—Why the XRP Army is Outraged
The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission has filed a last-minute appeal in its ongoing legal sparring with Ripple Labs, seeking to reverse parts of a summary judgment delivered by U.S. District Judge Analisa Torres more than a year ago. Torres’ July 2023 ruling partially favored Ripple by concluding that the company’s sales of XRP to retail investors on digital asset platforms did not violate U.S. securities laws. The court found that these transactions did not meet the legal criteria for an...
在像纽约证券交易所这样的交易场所购买或出售股票时,交易完成和最终处理之间存在延迟,涉及证券经纪商、清算机构和交易所等一系列参与的角色。
值得注意的是,SEC 指控币安和 Coinbase 等加密货币交易所一次性履行了多项角色,没有合法监管登记和申请相应许可,同时促成证券交易。在与联邦法院持续争辩的过程中,这两家公司都否认了监管机构的指控。
依据SEC规则的变化,曾经需要通过纸质支票和实体证书进行的证券结算窗口随着时间推移而缩短。通常被称为T+2,一个长达两天的结算窗口将在五月份实施,根据盖斯勒的说法,这对普通投资者来说是“真正的改变”。
与此同时,向T+1的转变势必会影响证券经纪商与清算机构之间的关系。

How a GameStop Customer Won a Full Bitcoin in a $33 Pack of Trading Cards
One lucky GameStop customer won an entire Bitcoin worth just over $63,000 at today’s values after opening up a pack of $30 crypto-themed collectible trading cards. The winning card, which was first revealed in a Reddit post earlier this month, was hidden inside a first-edition pack of Cardsmiths’ Currency Trading Cards, which he had purchased at the games retailer. The card series features crypto memes and cartoon caricature depictions of famous people within the crypto world including MicroStra...
Gensler表示,在2021年游戏驿站著名的轧空事件中,结算所发出的追加保证金通知导致一些券商限制了对该股票的购买。但是,随着T+1结算制度的采用,“必须存放在结算所的保证金或抵押品的数量”大幅减少。
Gensler对游戏驿站的反思紧随美联储理事Christopher Waller上周关于加密货币的言论之后。Waller在讨论DeFi的优势时,描述了中介机构历来如何提供价值,但现在却面临着竞争。
正如集中式加密货币交易所的流行所反映的那样,Waller认为,去中心化金融可以对现有金融市场起到补充作用,而不是取代传统系统。沿着这一思路,他表示,像区块链这样的分布式账本技术(DLT)可能是一种“高效且更快的记账方式”,而智能合约则简化了交易结构。
SEC Settles Charges With Trading Firm It Says Tricked Investors With AI 'Buzzwords'
The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has settled charges with a trading firm that allegedly lied to investors about its claimed use of artificial intelligence (AI) to perform automated trading of cryptocurrency and other assets. Itai Liptz, owner and CEO of investment firms Rimar LLC and Rimar USA, and Cliffard Boro, a Rimar USA board member, raised nearly $4 million from 45 investors by claiming that it could use AI to trade crypto, equities, bonds, and other investments, the SEC said T...
“智能合约可以有效地将交易的多条腿整合为一个统一的行动,”Waller表示,“这可以提供价值,因为它可以减轻与结算相关的风险。”
像tZERO这样的公司正在为私募证券建立基于区块链的市场。这家位于犹他州的公司上个月获得了SEC和FINRA的批准,可以作为证券形式出售的数字资产的托管人进行运营。
该公司计划在2025年初通过其A系列优先股的“全面数字化”启动业务。但华尔街的潮流引领者对于基于加密货币的市场有着更为远大的愿景。

GameStop, Nvidia Short Seller Hit With SEC and Criminal Fraud Charges
Andrew Left and his firm Citron Capital—among the most prominent GameStop short sellers amid the meme stock boom—were charged Friday by both the SEC and the U.S. Department of Justice for a multi-million-dollar fraud scheme, prompting fans of the video game retailer and Roaring Kitty’s cult following to take to social media to celebrate. The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) alleges that Left and Citron Capital were publishing false and misleading statements regarding his stock recom...
2022年,贝莱德(BlackRock)首席执行官Larry Fink称赞代币化为“证券的下一代”。他表示,使用资产的数字表示在区块链上进行交易,将为市场参与者提供“即时结算”和“降低费用”。
随着加密货币的崛起,金融机构也开始关注区块链所固有的其他特性,比如在交易环境下24/7不间断运行的时间表。加密货币市场从不关闭,这既提供了机会,也带来了风险。
今年4月,《金融时报》报道称,纽约证券交易所正在探索全天候交易。这一发展将标志着该交易所常规的六个半小时交易时段的重大突破,该时段最近一次延长是在1985年。
由安德鲁·海沃德编辑