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Yesterday, China’s central bank declared that cryptocurrency trading and all related services, including Bitcoin mining, are illegal.
In two notices published on the central bank’s site and WeChat account yesterday, the People’s Bank of China said that crypto breeds “illegal and criminal activities such as gambling, illegal fund-raising, fraud, pyramid schemes, and money laundering, seriously endangering the safety of people’s property.”
The crypto market crashed after the bank issued the notices. Bitcoin fell from $44,800 to around $41,000, and Ethereum fell from about $3,100 to $2,700. Other coins fell, too, and crypto’s global market cap fell from $2 trillion to $1.835 trillion.
Now the dust has settled, things are starting to recover—although the gradient is shallow so far. Today, the global market cap for cryptocurrencies increased to $1.916 trillion, Bitcoin hit highs of $43,112 and Ethereum almost punched past $3,000.
Some coins were barely affected by China’s ban. Terra (LUNA) fell from $38 to $33 after the news but is now up 11% in the past 24 hours to highs of $41. The coin’s not far off its all-time high of $44, set just 10 days ago.
Although the notices came out yesterday, the crypto ban was dated September 15 and the mining document was dated September 3.
Since the PBOC issued the notices, Huobi has reportedly prevented Chinese mainland customers from signing up for its exchange services. Huobi Token fell 18% after the news, according to Chinese blockchain journalist Colin Wu, but quickly recovered much of its losses and is down 6% in the past 24 hours, according to data from CoinGecko.
Huobi restricted Chinese mainlanders’ access to derivatives and mining pools months ago following previous statements from the Chinese government. The largest Ethereum mining pool, Spark Pool, and TokenPocket, a DeFi wallet popular in China, have also cut off mainland China residents.
Crypto exchange FTX has relocated from Hong Kong to the Bahamas. Sam Bankman-Fried, the founder of FTX, cited the lack of quarantine and the crypto-friendly framework as reasons. Hong Kong is a “Special Administrative Region” of China—although the lines have blurred in recent years as China snuffs out Hong Kong’s autonomy.
The last time China said that crypto was a scourge on its economy was back in May, when it effectively banned crypto mining to “prevent and control financial risks.” That wrecked the crypto economy, halving Bitcoin’s price in a little under a month.
It might seem surprising that the market has not fallen further. However, a lot of crypto trading was already illegal in China, and some people think the notices only clarify existing regulations.
Crypto exchanges vacated the country in 2017 and set up shop in Hong Kong, Singapore, elsewhere or, in the case of Binance (up until recently), nowhere at all, claiming that it was decentralized. Miners left China in May and June of this year. Additionally, markets that could have been demolished by the news, namely RMB OTC desks that service mainland Chinese users, are often opaque.
Chinese crypto-journalist Wu Blockchain said in a newsletter that the notices introduced a few new things. First, the Supreme Court and the Administration of Foreign Exchange joined in on the notice, “indicating that the crackdown and enforcement might be more intense.”
The notice on virtual currencies also specifically mentioned that Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Tether are “not legal and should not and cannot be used as currency.” The focus on Tether suggests that regulators are beginning to investigate stablecoin usage more closely, he said. In China, Tether rivals the central bank’s own digital yuan.
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